What Is Glycolic Acid, Benefits and How Does It Work?

Glycolic acid is safe and beneficial for most skin types. It works as a chemical exfoliant, which can remove the top layer of dead cells and residues. It dissolves the bond that holds them together. Allowing you to cleanse your skin in a better way. It also targets dullness, fine lines, acne, and rough texture. It can penetrate easily into the outer layer of skin, allowing you to get rid of residues. Here you will learn more about this amazing ingredient. Like what glycolic acid is, how it works, and what glycolic acid does for your skin.

What is Glycolic Acid?

Drive from sugarcane, among all AHAs (alpha hydroxy acids), Glycolic acid has the smallest molecular structure. This allows it to penetrate the skin deeply and quickly. Because of this amazing ability, Glycolic acid becomes one of the most effective ingredients in improving skin texture and in exfoliating. It is a natural water-soluble acid that is widely used in many skin products that target anti-aging and brightening issues.

It has many benefits, from improving hydration to fighting acne. There are different types of Glycolic acid in the market, which are used in cleansers, toners, serums, masks, and peels.

Key Benefits of Glycolic Acid

So, what does glycolic acid do for skin? Here are some of the key benefits that you must know about this water solution acid.

Brightens Dull Skin: Glycolic acid can help you get rid of dead cells. It promotes cell turnover and also brings in a radiant glow.
Reduces Fine Lines: With regular usage, you will see that fine lines are fading away. This is due to collagen production.
Dark Spots: Along with anti-aging benefits, Glycolic acid also helps in fading away sun spots, post-acne marks, and uneven skin tone. This is why it is widely used in hyperpigmentation treatment.
Exfoliation: Glycolic acid breaks the bond between dead skin cells, allowing them to shed easily. This instantly reveals a smoother and fresher skin texture.
Clear Pores: It can help in clearing the debris from the pores and reducing buildups. It also prevents breakouts, which makes it a useful ingredient in skin care products.

Glycolic Acid can reach a deeper layer of skin. It is due to its small molecular size. That is why it is highly effective compared to other acids.

Properties of Glycolic Acid

Glycolic Acid is an alpha-hydroxy acid that is naturally found in certain fruits.

Low Molecular Weight (fast-penetrating)
Water-soluble AHA
Colorless and Odorless
Naturally derived from some fruits and sugarcane
Works best at pH of 3-4 (pKa of 3.83)
Collagen stimulation
Binds well with water molecules (humectant)
Antibacterial
Anti-inflammatory

Does Glycolic Acid Treat Scars?

Yes, Glycolic acid can be used for the treatment of scars, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, and skin texture. For mild scars, it can gently restore your skin's surface over time. But for deep scars, you will need some professional treatment. Glycolic acid is a useful component that can help you improve your scars over time.

It works by exfoliating the top layer of dead skin cells. This reveals a newer and brighter skin. It can also stimulate collagen production, which can contribute to firmer and smoother skin over time.

Does Glycolic Acid Treat Scars?

How to Use Glycolic Acid in Your Skincare Routine

Here are some steps to add glycolic acid to your skin care routine and get the best out of it.

Cleansing: Always start with gentle cleanings. Use a non-stripping cleanser.
Apply Glycolic Acid: Once done, you can use a toner or a serum that contains Glycolic Acid. It is safe to start with a lower concentration (5-10%) if you are using it for the first time.
Hydration: Once done, apply a moisturizer cream to lock in hydration.
Sunscreen: If you are going out, then do not forget to apply sunscreen. This will help you to protect your skin from direct UV rays damage.
Choosing the Right Skin Treatment

Here are some points you must consider before using Glycolic acid. As there are different skin types, some precautions are necessary for those who have highly sensitive skin.

Glycolic Acid is best for dry or mature skin. These types of skin will benefit the most. If you have oily skin, then you can also use it, but make sure your product has an oil-balancing ingredient.
Glycolic Acid is available in creams, peels, serums, and toners.
A 5-10% concentration is safe to use for home usage. But if your product has a higher concentration, then you will need professional supervision.

For safety, it is best to do a patch test, so that you can know if there is any kind of mild irritation or reaction.

Risks of Glycolic Acid

Glycolic Acid is mostly safe to use. There are no major side effects; however, if you experience any of these listed symptoms, stop using it. Chances are that any additional ingredient in the product is reacting and causing the issue.

Stinging sensation or irritating, or itching.
Peeling or flaking.
Visible redness on the skin.
Increased sensitivity to sunlight.

To minimize risk, start by using it in gaps. Like, do not use it daily and do not mix it with strong actives like retinol. Always use an SPF. When you start using it may take around 2 to 4 weeks to see visible results. And full benefits can be visible after consistent usage for 8 to 12 weeks.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q. Is glycolic acid safe for all skin types?

Mostly, it is safe to use for all skin types. But people with sensitive or compromised skin must be extra cautious. It is not just glycolic acid, but other skin care ingredients can also be harmful. Discuss with your dermatologist before using any new product.

Q. What is the ideal concentration of glycolic acid for home use?

Around 5 to 10% is good for beginners. But if your product has something around 15 to 30% then it must be used under professional supervision in clinics only.

Q. Can glycolic acid help with acne and acne scars?

Yes, it can fight acne scars. As it exfoliates pores and reduces breakouts, you will see the marks fade away with time.

Q. Does Glycolic Acid affect skin pH?

Yes, it works best at low pH. Something around 3.5 can temporarily lower the skin’s pH to allow exfoliation. The same then returns to normal afterward.

Q. Can Glycolic Acid be used daily?

It depends on the product you are using. Some products are formulated for daily usage, but it is recommended that you use them two to three times per week.

Q. Is Glycolic Acid photosensitizing? Should I use sunscreen?

Yes, Glycolic Acid can make your skin more sensitive. You may face more damage from direct UV exposure. Always apply sunscreen before going out.